
We went through a really rough patch when Griff was 7-12 mos old, so I have a lot of sympathy for you!
Things that helped us - it took a while, but was worth the effort long-term:
- we bought a copy of the No Cry Sleep Solution and scoured it for ideas. You sound really uncomfortable with CIO, so if you haven't read this book, you might find it helpful.
- my DH took a major role in bedtime and established a routine for Griff that included reading a story and singing a song before going to sleep. We still use that bedtime routine and DH is still the main bedtime parent. Both of them really value that time together. I think this was the biggest part of helping Griffin to sleep better at night, he responded differently to Dan than to me.
- we moved Griff's bedtime back 15 minutes at a time until we found a time at which he was less overtired and therefore fell asleep much more easily
- I moved Griff's naptime around - I think what I did was encourage one nap in the middle of the day instead of two shorter naps. This ended up working much better for him, I was working with his natural sleepy time so he got a better nap. Sleep science says that "sleep begets sleep" - the better rested you are, the better sleep you will get in the future.
FYI: he still woke up at night 2-4 times like your son, but the big difference was that he was much more easy to settle down to sleep again, especially with my DH being the chief nighttime parent. My understanding is that some kids will continue to wake up a couple of times a night until they're a few years old, Griff is one of those kids and maybe Alex is, too. Griff is now 2 1/2 years old and only in the past month or so can we rely on him waking 0 times or 1 time. But like I said, when he wakes now, it's a simple matter of a quick diaper change and a soothing word or two and he's right back to sleep.
I hope you can find something that works! It's frustrating when the family isn't getting enough sleep.