Keeping that perineum in tact tips...
Something I often hear on the boards is that mom needed a big episiotomy or tore a bunch because baby was so big. That might be a bit of a leap. More likely it had to do with how the perineum was managed as well as the delivery. My ds2 was 9lbs 9oz and I had a 3 stitch worthy skin tear. I believe that the credit for that goes to my midwife and how she handled the delivery.
Delivering on your back is one of the worst delivery positions. It applies uneven pressure to the perineum and stretches the skin more taut than in many other positions. Simply avoiding this position could save your perineum.
What's wrong with the lithotomy position? Why do we even use this position?
Pushing Positions - Childbirth Resources at StorkNet's Childbirth Cubby.
This link explains the advantages of other positions as well as illustrations:
http://transitiontoparenthood.com/tt.../positions.htm
Good link:
Women and Patients - Book Reviews
Note- I am sure that a lot of moms have success in this position- especially 2nd+ moms. But, it doesn't mean that they couldn't have gone even better in another position. I pushed on my side for 2/3 of the time b/c it felt right. However, against my better judgement and prior discussion with my midwife, I ended up pushing on my back. I had a 2.5 degree tear. Maybe that wouldn't have happened if I was in a dif't position.
Choosing a careprovider that doesn't put time limits on the delivery is another thing mom can do. I can't even count the # of moms who come back with their birth stories and say that they pushed for an hour or less and weren't making progress so the cp did an episiotomy or used an instrument to deliver baby. That just bothers me a lot. Given plenty of time- and opprotunity to try different things- many moms could be spared these invasive proceedures.
If the perineum is respected by your care provider then you should feel good that they will do their best to minimize damage. There are questions you can, and should, ask at your next appointment.
Find out how often your Dr. performs episiotomies.
-The answer should be less than 25% and ideally less than 15%.
-The answer should be "I try to avoid an episiotomy unless the baby has to come out immediately. I prefer to do perineal massage and a controlled pushing phase." The American College of OB/Gyns does not recommend episiotomies as a matter of routine or to prevent tearing (it is widely known that an episiotomy can cause you to tear more than if you just tore. The analogy is that a pair of jeans that already has a hole in them is easier to tear than a pair of jeans that is still intact).
What reasons do they perform episiotomies?
What preventative measures do they do to help avoid an episiotomy or tearing?
Will they pressure you to an episiotomy if it looks like you are going to tear? Episiotomy equals guaranteed laceration and many times it results in a worse laceration than the tear would have been. Cuts are almost always deeper than a spontaneous tear. Read the book "Spiritual Midwifery" by Ina May Gaskin and you will find that there are very very few (less than 1%) naturally occurring 4th degree tears (the worst kind)- lots more if you add in that cut. If you are tearing upwards an episiotomy can redirect the pressure downwards which might be a time where it is worth it.
-Discuss this before you are in labor and pushing b/c when you are pushing you will be too preoccupied to make rational, well thought out decisions that can have a profound effective on your future births, your urinary and fecal continence and your sex life.
-You hear of Dr.s and nurses recommending cuts in labor so it is very good to be clear ahead of time what your preferences are. You are the one who will have to recover, not them.
Their attitude towards episiotomies can tell you a lot about their birth attitude.
-Will they rush you throughout your birth? If pushing is "taking too long" but you and baby are well, will they still recommend an episiotomy? How often do they augment labor with pitocin or breaking the water? Are they willing to let nature take its course if you and the baby are well?
-How much do they respect you? Do they want to help you have an easier recovery?
-Are they cool with letting you labor and deliver in positions that are best for you even if they are less than ideal for them? Squatting and all 4s are so much better than being on your back and they know that. It is a lot easier for them though if you are on your back and legs in stirrups.
Are they patient, laid back in a low risk healthy birth, respectful and up to date with current ACOG recommendations?
What else can you to to help keep your perineum in tact?
-Kegels!! At least 5 sets of 10 per day!! These will help you to know how to control those muscles so that you can effectively relax them when you push. They will also help speed up recovery.
-Stay upright during the pushing phase (squatting) b/c that will help the baby descend. You can deliver like that or change to another position for your last pushes. Other positions like sidelying can be beneficial. I have read that actually delivering in a squatting position can put extra strain on the perineum so it could increase tearing. So, while it is great for getting baby to descend it might be good to find a more neutral birth position.
-Try a variety of pushing positions if your progress slows. Hands and knees, side lying, use a birthing bar...More advice:
THE NINTH MONTH
-Start doing perineal massage before your edd. Insist that warm compresses be applied during delivery to help stretch the skin.
-If you have an epidural, ask them to turn it down/ off so that you can feel what you are doing.
-Push only when you have the urge. Sometimes a woman dilates to 10cm and could start pushing but doesn't actually have the urge. Some call this the "rest and be grateful" stage. Don't feel pressured to push.
"The importance of waiting
It is important to wait for the natural urge to bear down before starting active pushing. You are often encouraged to push by "holding your breath and push as hard and as long as you can." Research has suggested that a woman's spontaneous urge to push occurs three-to-five times during a contraction while the woman is exhaling and bearing down."
First Time Mothers' Tips
-Along the lines of the last tip...If you do have an epidural (it could work if you don't but it'll be harder) consider the newest trend, "Passive Pushing." Your contractions will naturally work to push the baby out. Some care providers are now encouraging moms to let their bodies do almost all the work and allowing mom to rest. Mom then just gives the final few pushes. This gives the perineum more time to stretch naturally and it conserves strength.
"Pushing with an epidural
If you use an epidural, you may be encouraged to rest until you have the sensation to push. Women who receive epidural anesthesia for labor may have difficulty pushing, especially if the strength of the anesthetic numbs the sensation to bear down. The practice of "delayed pushing" is currently being studied in women using epidurals as an alternative to routine pushing at 10 centimeters."
First Time Mothers' Tips
And:
Reconsideration of 'purple pushing' urged - Labor and Delivery | OB/GYN News | Find Articles at BNET.com
-Also, when you do push, push when it feels right. There is no scientific reason to hold each push for 10 seconds. 6-7 seconds is actually more beneficial and scientific. Ask that no one count or shout commands at you unless you need them to.
-Don't pull your legs back into your chest. Some nurses ad Dr.s are really fond of this position b/c it is convenient for them. Not so kind to your though and that is what matters! The askdrsears.com website has some additional tips on pushing that might be worth a read.
THE NINTH MONTH
Perineal Massage
Here is an article that explains the technique:
How can I avoid an episiotomy? - BabyCenter
Remember to do those Kegels!!
Kegel exercises - BabyCenter )
With my 9lb 9oz ds I pushed in the hands/ knees position for a bit but it really didn't feel right at all so I went to sidelying. It felt much better and I was really productive. My midwife knew how afraid I was to tear so she really walked me through what I needed to do to avoid it. When the baby was crowning I wasn't allowed to push for about 3 contractions. It was so, so hard to hold back. He was right there and I could have gotten him out but by keeping him there and getting him out little by little I allowed the skin to really stretch slowly. It took a ton of control but it was so worth it. I just kept repeating to myself that there were no do overs. I had to listen to them and get this right. It was a great recovery from a tiny tear. I am so glad that I didn't have someone rushing me. The warm compresses were awesome too. Total pushing time was 22 minutes with him.
Hope some of those tips help!
Beth